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@@ -56,27 +56,27 @@
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&= \ol{\dpn{\pi(f)\eta, \xi}{H}} = \dpn{\xi, \pi(f)\eta}{H}
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\end{align*}
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(1, Non-Degenerate): For any $\xi \in H \setminus \bracsn{0}$, since $\pi_0$ is strong-operator continuous, there exists $V \in \cn_G(1)$ such that $\norm{\pi(x)\xi - \xi}_H < \norm{\xi}_H$ for all $x \in V$. In which case, if $f = |V|^{-1}\one_V$\footnote{$|V|$ is the value of the Haar measure at $V$.}, then for any $\eta \in H$,
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(1, Non-Degenerate): For any $\xi \in H \setminus \bracsn{0}$, since $\pi_0$ is strong-operator continuous, there exists $V \in \cn_G(1)$ such that $\norm{\pi_0(x)\xi - \xi}_H < \norm{\xi}_H$ for all $x \in V$. In which case, if $f = |V|^{-1}\one_V$\footnote{$|V|$ is the value of the Haar measure at $V$.}, then for any $\eta \in H$,
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\begin{align*}
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\dpn{\pi(f)\xi - \xi, \eta}{H} &= \frac{1}{|V|}\int_V \dpn{\pi(x)\xi - \xi, \eta}{H} dx \\
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|\dpn{\pi(f)\xi - \xi, \eta}{H}| &\le \frac{1}{|V|}\int_V \norm{\pi(x)\xi - \xi}_H\norm{\eta}_Hdx < \norm{\xi}_H\norm{\eta}_H
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\dpn{\pi(f)\xi - \xi, \eta}{H} &= \frac{1}{|V|}\int_V \dpn{\pi_0(x)\xi - \xi, \eta}{H} dx \\
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|\dpn{\pi(f)\xi - \xi, \eta}{H}| &\le \frac{1}{|V|}\int_V \norm{\pi_0(x)\xi - \xi}_H\norm{\eta}_Hdx < \norm{\xi}_H\norm{\eta}_H
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\end{align*}
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so $\norm{\pi(f)\xi - \xi}_H < \norm{\xi}_H$, and $\pi(f)\xi \ne 0$.
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(3): Using \autoref{proposition:group-algebra-approximate-identity}, let $\angles{\phi_\alpha}_{\alpha \in A}$ be an approximate identity in $L^1(G; \complex)$. For each $x \in G$ and $f \in L^1(G; \complex)$, $L_x\phi_\alpha * f \to L_x f$ in $L^1(G; \complex)$ implies that $\angles{\pi(\phi_\alpha)}_{\alpha \in A}$ converges pointwise on
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(3): Using \autoref{proposition:group-algebra-approximate-identity}, let $\angles{\phi_\alpha}_{\alpha \in A}$ be an approximate identity in $L^1(G; \complex)$. For each $x \in G$ and $f \in L^1(G; \complex)$, $L_x\phi_\alpha * f \to L_x f$ in $L^1(G; \complex)$ implies that $\angles{\pi(L_x\phi_\alpha)}_{\alpha \in A}$ converges pointwise on
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\[
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K := \text{span}\bracsn{\pi(g)\xi|\xi \in H, g \in L^1(G; \complex)}
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\]
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Given that $\pi$ is non-degenerate, $K$ is dense in $H$. As $\bracsn{L_x\phi_\alpha|\alpha \in A}$ is equicontinuous and $H$ is complete, the \hyperref[Arzelà-Ascoli Theorem]{theorem:arzela-ascoli} implies that there exists $\pi_0(x) \in \ol{B_{B(H)}(0, 1)}$ such that $L_x\phi_\alpha \to \pi_0(x)$ in the strong operator topology. In particular, $\pi_0(1) = \text{Id}$.
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Given that $\pi$ is non-degenerate, $K$ is dense in $H$. As $\bracsn{\pi(L_x\phi_\alpha)|\alpha \in A}$ is equicontinuous and $H$ is complete, the \hyperref[Arzelà-Ascoli Theorem]{theorem:arzela-ascoli} implies that there exists $\pi_0(x) \in \ol{B_{B(H)}(0, 1)}$ such that $\pi(L_x\phi_\alpha) \to \pi_0(x)$ in the strong operator topology. In particular, $\pi_0(1) = \text{Id}$.
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For each $f \in L^1(G; \complex)$, $\xi \in H$, and $x, y \in G$,
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\[
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\pi_0(xy)\pi(f)\xi = \pi(L_{xy}f)\xi = \pi(L_xL_yf)\xi = \pi_0(x)\pi_0(y)\pi(f)\xi
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\]
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By density of $K$ in $H$, $\pi_0(xy) = \pi_0(x)\pi_0(y)$, so $\pi$ is a homomorphism. For any $x \in G$, $\text{Id} = \pi_0(1) = \pi_0(x)\pi_0(x^{-1})$, so $\pi_0(x)$ is isometric and invertible, and hence unitary.
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By density of $K$ in $H$, $\pi_0(xy) = \pi_0(x)\pi_0(y)$, so $\pi_0$ is a homomorphism. For any $x \in G$, $\text{Id} = \pi_0(1) = \pi_0(x)\pi_0(x^{-1})$, so $\pi_0(x)$ is isometric and invertible, and hence unitary.
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Finally, for any $f \in L^1(G; \complex)$ and $\xi, \eta \in H$, by the \hyperref[Dominated Convergence Theorem]{theorem:dct},
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\begin{align*}
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@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@
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Let $G$ be a locally compact group, $(H, \pi_0)$ be a unitary representation of $G$, and $\pi: L^1(G; \complex) \to B(H)$ be the *-representation determined by $\pi_0$, then the von Neumann algebras generated by $\pi_0(G)$ and $\pi(L^1(G; \complex))$ coincide.
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\end{theorem}
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\begin{proof}
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By (3) of \autoref{definition:representation-l1-group-algebra}, $\pi_0(G)$ lies in the strong-operator closure of $L^1(G; \complex)$.
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By (3) of \autoref{definition:representation-l1-group-algebra}, $\pi_0(G)$ lies in the strong-operator closure of $\pi(L^1(G; \complex))$.
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On the other hand, let $K \subset G$ be compact, $\eps > 0$, and $\seqf{(\xi_j, \eta_j)} \subset H^2$, then there exist non-empty sets $\bracsn{V_k}_1^m \subset 2^G$ such that $K = \bigsqcup_{j = 1}^n V_j$ and $|\dpn{[\pi_0(x) - \pi_0(y)]\xi_j, \eta_j}{H}| \le \eps$ for all $x, y \in V_k$, $1 \le j \le n$, and $1 \le k \le m$.
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On the other hand, let $K \subset G$ be compact, $\eps > 0$, and $\seqf{(\xi_j, \eta_j)} \subset H^2$, then there exist non-empty sets $\bracsn{V_k}_1^m \subset 2^G$ such that $K = \bigsqcup_{k = 1}^m V_k$ and $|\dpn{[\pi_0(x) - \pi_0(y)]\xi_j, \eta_j}{H}| \le \eps$ for all $x, y \in V_k$, $1 \le j \le n$, and $1 \le k \le m$.
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Let $\seqf{x_k} \subset G$ with $x_k \in V_k$ for all $1 \le k \le m$, then
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\begin{align*}
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@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
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\begin{lemma}
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\label{lemma:lcg-intertwining}
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Let $G$ be a locally compact group and $(H, \pi)$ be a unitary representation of $G$, then $\mathcal{C}(\pi, \pi)$ is the commutant of $\pi(G)'$, and hence a von Neumann algebra.
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Let $G$ be a locally compact group and $(H, \pi)$ be a unitary representation of $G$, then $\mathcal{C}(\pi, \pi) = \pi(G)'$, and hence a von Neumann algebra.
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\end{lemma}
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\begin{definition}[Invariant Subspace]
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