Slight adjustment.
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@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
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Moreover, if $(\beta X, e)$ is \textit{any} pair that satisfies (U1), then
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Moreover, if $(\beta X, e)$ is \textit{any} pair that satisfies (U1), then
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\begin{enumerate}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item[(U2)] For any pair $(Y, \varphi)$ satisfying (1), there exists a unique $\beta \varphi \in C(\beta X; Y)$ such that the following diagram commutes:
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\item[(U2)] For any compact Hausdorff space $Y$ and $\varphi \in C(X; Y)$, there exists a unique $\beta \varphi \in C(\beta X; Y)$ such that the following diagram commutes:
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\[
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\[
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\xymatrix{
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\xymatrix{
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\beta X \ar@{->}[r]^{\beta \varphi} & Y \\
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\beta X \ar@{->}[r]^{\beta \varphi} & Y \\
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@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@
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X \ar@{->}[u]^{e} \ar@{->}[ru]_{f} &
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X \ar@{->}[u]^{e} \ar@{->}[ru]_{f} &
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}
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}
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\]
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\]
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\item[(F)] For any discrete space $Y$, $f: X \to Y$, and $\fU \in \beta X$, $\beta f(\fU)$ is the ultrafilter generated by $f(\fU)$.
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{enumerate}
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In other words, $(\beta X, e)$ as constructed above is the Stone-Čech compactification of $X$.
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In other words, $(\beta X, e)$ as constructed above is the Stone-Čech compactification of $X$.
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@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@
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\bigcap_{A \in F}U_{A^c} = \bigcap_{A \in F}U_A^c = \braks{\bigcup_{A \in F}U_A}^c \ne \emptyset
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\bigcap_{A \in F}U_{A^c} = \bigcap_{A \in F}U_A^c = \braks{\bigcup_{A \in F}U_A}^c \ne \emptyset
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\]
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\]
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In particular, $\bigcap_{A \in F}A^c \ne \emptyset$. As such, $\bracsn{A^c|A \in \mathcal{S}}$ generates an ultrafilter $\fU \in \beta X$. Since $\fU \not\in U_A$ for all $A \in \mathcal{S}$, $\mathcal{U}$ does not cover $X$, which is a contradiction. Thus $\beta X$ is compact.
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In particular, $\bigcap_{A \in F}A^c \ne \emptyset$. By the \hyperref[ultrafilter lemma]{lemma:ultrafilter}, $\bracsn{A^c|A \in \mathcal{S}}$ generates an ultrafilter $\fU \in \beta X$. Since $\fU \not\in U_A$ for all $A \in \mathcal{S}$, $\mathcal{U}$ does not cover $X$, which is a contradiction. Thus $\beta X$ is compact.
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Finally, since $X$ is discrete, $e$ is automatically continuous. On the other hand, for each $x \in X$, $U_{\bracsn{x}} = e(\bracsn{x})$ is open in $\beta X$. In addition, for any $\emptyset \ne A \subset X$, $e(x) \in U_A$ for all $x \in A$, so $U_A \cap e(X) \ne \emptyset$, and $e(X)$ is dense in $\beta X$. Therefore $e(X)$ is embedded as a dense subspace of $\beta X$.
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Finally, since $X$ is discrete, $e$ is automatically continuous. On the other hand, for each $x \in X$, $U_{\bracsn{x}} = e(\bracsn{x})$ is open in $\beta X$. In addition, for any $\emptyset \ne A \subset X$, $e(x) \in U_A$ for all $x \in A$, so $U_A \cap e(X) \ne \emptyset$, and $e(X)$ is dense in $\beta X$. Therefore $e(X)$ is embedded as a dense subspace of $\beta X$.
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@@ -52,4 +52,29 @@
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Given that $\one_U \le F \le \one_{\ol{U}}$ and $F$ is continuous, $\bracs{F = 1} \supset \ol{U}$, so $F = \one_{\ol{U}}$ is continuous. Hence $\ol{U} = F^{-1}(1)$ must be open.
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Given that $\one_U \le F \le \one_{\ol{U}}$ and $F$ is continuous, $\bracs{F = 1} \supset \ol{U}$, so $F = \one_{\ol{U}}$ is continuous. Hence $\ol{U} = F^{-1}(1)$ must be open.
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\end{proof}
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\end{proof}
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\begin{theorem}[Gleason, 1958]
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\label{theorem:gleason-extremally-disconnected}
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Let $X$ be a compact Hausdorff space, then the following are equivalent:
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item $X$ is extremally disconnected.
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\item[(P)] For any compact Hausdorff spaces $Y, Z$, surjective continuous map $\pi \in C(Y; Z)$, and $f \in C(X; Z)$, there exists a lifting $\tilde f \in C(X; Y)$ such that the following diagram commutes:
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\[
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\xymatrix{
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& Y \ar@{->}[d]^{\pi} \\
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X \ar@{->}[ru]^{\tilde f} \ar@{->}[r]^{f} & Z
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}
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\]
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\item[(I)] For every pair of operator systems $S \subset T$ and completely positive map $\phi: S \to C(X; \complex)$, there exists a completely positive map $\Phi: T \to C(X; \complex)$ such that the following diagram commutes:
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\[
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\xymatrix{
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T \ar@{->}[r]^{\Phi} & C(X; \complex) \\
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S \ar@{^{(}->}[u] \ar@{->}[ru]_{\phi} &
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}
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\]
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{theorem}
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\begin{proof}
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See \cite{GleasonProjective}.
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\end{proof}
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