diff --git a/src/topology/main/compactify.tex b/src/topology/main/compactify.tex index 11d0393..bf9eccf 100644 --- a/src/topology/main/compactify.tex +++ b/src/topology/main/compactify.tex @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Moreover, if $(\beta X, e)$ is \textit{any} pair that satisfies (U1), then \begin{enumerate} - \item[(U2)] For any pair $(Y, \varphi)$ satisfying (1), there exists a unique $\beta \varphi \in C(\beta X; Y)$ such that the following diagram commutes: + \item[(U2)] For any compact Hausdorff space $Y$ and $\varphi \in C(X; Y)$, there exists a unique $\beta \varphi \in C(\beta X; Y)$ such that the following diagram commutes: \[ \xymatrix{ \beta X \ar@{->}[r]^{\beta \varphi} & Y \\ @@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ X \ar@{->}[u]^{e} \ar@{->}[ru]_{f} & } \] + \item[(F)] For any discrete space $Y$, $f: X \to Y$, and $\fU \in \beta X$, $\beta f(\fU)$ is the ultrafilter generated by $f(\fU)$. \end{enumerate} In other words, $(\beta X, e)$ as constructed above is the Stone-Čech compactification of $X$. @@ -103,10 +104,10 @@ \bigcap_{A \in F}U_{A^c} = \bigcap_{A \in F}U_A^c = \braks{\bigcup_{A \in F}U_A}^c \ne \emptyset \] - In particular, $\bigcap_{A \in F}A^c \ne \emptyset$. As such, $\bracsn{A^c|A \in \mathcal{S}}$ generates an ultrafilter $\fU \in \beta X$. Since $\fU \not\in U_A$ for all $A \in \mathcal{S}$, $\mathcal{U}$ does not cover $X$, which is a contradiction. Thus $\beta X$ is compact. + In particular, $\bigcap_{A \in F}A^c \ne \emptyset$. By the \hyperref[ultrafilter lemma]{lemma:ultrafilter}, $\bracsn{A^c|A \in \mathcal{S}}$ generates an ultrafilter $\fU \in \beta X$. Since $\fU \not\in U_A$ for all $A \in \mathcal{S}$, $\mathcal{U}$ does not cover $X$, which is a contradiction. Thus $\beta X$ is compact. Finally, since $X$ is discrete, $e$ is automatically continuous. On the other hand, for each $x \in X$, $U_{\bracsn{x}} = e(\bracsn{x})$ is open in $\beta X$. In addition, for any $\emptyset \ne A \subset X$, $e(x) \in U_A$ for all $x \in A$, so $U_A \cap e(X) \ne \emptyset$, and $e(X)$ is dense in $\beta X$. Therefore $e(X)$ is embedded as a dense subspace of $\beta X$. - + (U1): Let $f \in C(X; [0, 1])$, and let $\beta f: \beta X \to [0, 1]$ be defined by $\beta f(\fU) = \lim_{\fU}f$. Fix $\fU \in \beta X$ and $\eps > 0$, then there exists $A \in \fU$ such that $f(A) \subset B_{[0, 1]}(\lim_{\fU}f, \eps)$. Thus for any $\fV \in U_A$, \[ \beta f(\fV) = \lim_{\fV}f \in \ol{f(A)} \subset B_{[0, 1]}\paren{\lim_{\fU}f, \eps} diff --git a/src/topology/main/stonean.tex b/src/topology/main/stonean.tex index 1321bcd..9147053 100644 --- a/src/topology/main/stonean.tex +++ b/src/topology/main/stonean.tex @@ -52,4 +52,29 @@ Given that $\one_U \le F \le \one_{\ol{U}}$ and $F$ is continuous, $\bracs{F = 1} \supset \ol{U}$, so $F = \one_{\ol{U}}$ is continuous. Hence $\ol{U} = F^{-1}(1)$ must be open. \end{proof} +\begin{theorem}[Gleason, 1958] +\label{theorem:gleason-extremally-disconnected} + Let $X$ be a compact Hausdorff space, then the following are equivalent: + \begin{enumerate} + \item $X$ is extremally disconnected. + \item[(P)] For any compact Hausdorff spaces $Y, Z$, surjective continuous map $\pi \in C(Y; Z)$, and $f \in C(X; Z)$, there exists a lifting $\tilde f \in C(X; Y)$ such that the following diagram commutes: + \[ + \xymatrix{ + & Y \ar@{->}[d]^{\pi} \\ + X \ar@{->}[ru]^{\tilde f} \ar@{->}[r]^{f} & Z + } + \] + \item[(I)] For every pair of operator systems $S \subset T$ and completely positive map $\phi: S \to C(X; \complex)$, there exists a completely positive map $\Phi: T \to C(X; \complex)$ such that the following diagram commutes: + \[ + \xymatrix{ + T \ar@{->}[r]^{\Phi} & C(X; \complex) \\ + S \ar@{^{(}->}[u] \ar@{->}[ru]_{\phi} & + } + \] + \end{enumerate} +\end{theorem} +\begin{proof} + See \cite{GleasonProjective}. +\end{proof} +