Random nonsense.
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Bokuan Li
2026-08-07 17:49:06 -04:00
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\section{Weak Integrals*}
\label{section:weak-integral}
\begin{definition}[Weakly Measurable]
\label{definition:weakly-measurable}
Let $(X, \cm)$ be a measurable space, $E$ be a locally convex space over $K \in \RC$, and $f: X \to E$, then $f$ is \textbf{weakly measurable} if for each $\phi \in E^*$, $\phi \circ f: X \to K$ is Borel measurable.
\end{definition}
As I know so little about weak integrals, I will Dunning-Kruger myself right now, give an opinion, and laugh about it later. My gripe with seeing the definition comes from the need to test against \textit{every} continuous linear functional. To me, this seems quite inflexible: consider integrating a distribution-valued function. \textit{Surely} it is wiser to only test this function against test functions rather than \textit{the dual of $\mathcal{D}'$ (dual with respect to $\mathcal{D}'$ with the bounded convergence topology)}. As such, it may be more productive to consider a more flexible form of testing, such as using duality.
\begin{definition}[Weakly Integrable*]
\label{definition:weakly-integrable}
Let $(X, \cm, \mu)$ be a measure space, $\dpn{E, F}{\lambda}$ be a duality over $K \in \RC$, and $f: X \to E$, then $f$ is \textbf{Dunford $\lambda$-integrable*} if:
\begin{enumerate}[label=(I\arabic*)]
\item $f$ is weakly measurable.
\item For each $\phi \in F$, $\phi \circ f \in L^1(X; K)$.
\item For each $A \in \cm$, the mapping
\[
F \to K \quad \phi \mapsto \int_A \dpn{f(x), \phi}{\lambda} d\mu
\]
is a continuous linear functional on $F$.
\end{enumerate}
For each $A \in \cm$, the element $\phi \mapsto \int_A \dpn{f(x), \phi}{\lambda} d\mu$ of $F^*$ is the \textbf{Dunford $\lambda$-integral} of $f$ over $A$, denoted $\int_A^* f d\mu$.
The function $f$ is \textbf{Pettis $\lambda$-integrable*} if it satisfies (I1), (I2), and
\begin{enumerate}
\item[(I3+)] For each $A \in \cm$, the mapping
\[
F \to K \quad \phi \mapsto \int_X \dpn{f(x), \phi}{\lambda} d\mu
\]
is a $\sigma(F, E)$-continuous linear functional on $F$.
\end{enumerate}
In which case, for each $A \in \cm$, $\int_A^* f d\mu$ is the \textbf{Pettis $\lambda$-integral} of $f$ over $A$.
\end{definition}
It is at this point that I start to understand why the bidual setup is useful: existence.

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\chapter{Weak Integrals*}
\label{chap:weak-integral}
\input{./definition.tex}