diff --git a/src/fa/duality/mackey.tex b/src/fa/duality/mackey.tex index 5a86427..469af09 100644 --- a/src/fa/duality/mackey.tex +++ b/src/fa/duality/mackey.tex @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ is a convex, circled, and closed subset. Given that $B$ is $\sigma(E, F)$-bounded, $\sup_{x \in B}|\dpn{x, \phi}{\lambda}| < \infty$ for all $x \in E$. Thus $A$ is absorbing and hence a barrel. - Since $B$ is compact, the auxiliary space $E_B$ is a Banach space. In particular, $E_B$ is barreled by \autoref{proposition:baire-barrel}. By continuity of the inclusion map, $A \cap E_B$ is a barrel in $E_B$. Therefore there exists $\lambda > 0$ such that $B \subset \lambda A \cap E_B \subset \lambda A$. + Since $B$ is compact, the auxiliary space $E_B$ is a Banach space. In particular, $E_B$ is barrelled by \autoref{proposition:baire-barrel}. By continuity of the inclusion map, $A \cap E_B$ is a barrel in $E_B$. Therefore there exists $\lambda > 0$ such that $B \subset \lambda A \cap E_B \subset \lambda A$. \end{proof} @@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ \begin{proposition} \label{proposition:barreled-mackey} - Let $E$ be a separated barreled space over $K \in \RC$, then $E$ is a Mackey space. + Let $E$ be a separated barrelled space over $K \in \RC$, then $E$ is a Mackey space. \end{proposition} \begin{proof} - Let $\cf \subset E^*$ be a $\sigma(E^*, E)$-compact set and $U \in \cn_{K}(0)$ be a barrel, then $V = \bigcap_{\phi \in \cf}\phi^{-1}(U)$ is convex, circled, and closed. For each $x \in E$, $\cf(x) = \bracs{\dpn{x, \phi}{E}|\phi \in \cf}$ is bounded. Thus $V$ is absorbing and hence a barrel. Since $E$ is barreled, $V \in \cn_E(0)$. Therefore the Mackey topology is contained in the topology of $E$, and $E$ is a Mackey space. + Let $\cf \subset E^*$ be a $\sigma(E^*, E)$-compact set and $U \in \cn_{K}(0)$ be a barrel, then $V = \bigcap_{\phi \in \cf}\phi^{-1}(U)$ is convex, circled, and closed. For each $x \in E$, $\cf(x) = \bracs{\dpn{x, \phi}{E}|\phi \in \cf}$ is bounded. Thus $V$ is absorbing and hence a barrel. Since $E$ is barrelled, $V \in \cn_E(0)$. Therefore the Mackey topology is contained in the topology of $E$, and $E$ is a Mackey space. \end{proof} diff --git a/src/fa/lc/barrel.tex b/src/fa/lc/barrel.tex index 4a5a4dc..3bffa06 100644 --- a/src/fa/lc/barrel.tex +++ b/src/fa/lc/barrel.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -\section{Barreled Spaces} +\section{Barrelled Spaces} \label{section:barrel} \begin{definition}[Barrel] @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Let $E$ be a TVS over $K \in \RC$ and $D \subset E$, then $D$ is a \textbf{barrel} if it is convex, circled, radial, and closed. \end{definition} -\begin{definition}[Barreled Space] +\begin{definition}[Barrelled Space] \label{definition:barreled-space} Let $E$ be a locally convex space over $K \in \RC$, then the following are equivalent: \begin{enumerate} diff --git a/src/fa/lp/duality.tex b/src/fa/lp/duality.tex index 9e73724..9032a18 100644 --- a/src/fa/lp/duality.tex +++ b/src/fa/lp/duality.tex @@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ The typical argument for $L^p$ duality requires using the Radon-Nikodym theorem Let $(X, \cm, \mu)$ be a measure space, $K \in \RC$, $H$ be a Hilbert space over $K$, $p, q \in [1, \infty]$ be Hölder conjugates such that one of the following holds: \begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)] \item $p \in (1, \infty)$ and $q \in (1, \infty)$. - \item $p = 1$, $q = \infty$, and $\mu$ is $\sigma$-finite. + \item $p = 1$, $q = \infty$, and $\mu$ is $\sigma$-finite\footnote{This should become localisable. }. \end{enumerate} For each $g \in L^q(X, \cm, \mu; H)$, let diff --git a/src/measure/weak-integral/definition.tex b/src/measure/weak-integral/definition.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b052982 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/measure/weak-integral/definition.tex @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +\section{Weak Integrals*} +\label{section:weak-integral} + +\begin{definition}[Weakly Measurable] +\label{definition:weakly-measurable} + Let $(X, \cm)$ be a measurable space, $E$ be a locally convex space over $K \in \RC$, and $f: X \to E$, then $f$ is \textbf{weakly measurable} if for each $\phi \in E^*$, $\phi \circ f: X \to K$ is Borel measurable. +\end{definition} + +As I know so little about weak integrals, I will Dunning-Kruger myself right now, give an opinion, and laugh about it later. My gripe with seeing the definition comes from the need to test against \textit{every} continuous linear functional. To me, this seems quite inflexible: consider integrating a distribution-valued function. \textit{Surely} it is wiser to only test this function against test functions rather than \textit{the dual of $\mathcal{D}'$ (dual with respect to $\mathcal{D}'$ with the bounded convergence topology)}. As such, it may be more productive to consider a more flexible form of testing, such as using duality. + + +\begin{definition}[Weakly Integrable*] +\label{definition:weakly-integrable} + Let $(X, \cm, \mu)$ be a measure space, $\dpn{E, F}{\lambda}$ be a duality over $K \in \RC$, and $f: X \to E$, then $f$ is \textbf{Dunford $\lambda$-integrable*} if: + \begin{enumerate}[label=(I\arabic*)] + \item $f$ is weakly measurable. + \item For each $\phi \in F$, $\phi \circ f \in L^1(X; K)$. + \item For each $A \in \cm$, the mapping + \[ + F \to K \quad \phi \mapsto \int_A \dpn{f(x), \phi}{\lambda} d\mu + \] + + is a continuous linear functional on $F$. + \end{enumerate} + + For each $A \in \cm$, the element $\phi \mapsto \int_A \dpn{f(x), \phi}{\lambda} d\mu$ of $F^*$ is the \textbf{Dunford $\lambda$-integral} of $f$ over $A$, denoted $\int_A^* f d\mu$. + + The function $f$ is \textbf{Pettis $\lambda$-integrable*} if it satisfies (I1), (I2), and + \begin{enumerate} + \item[(I3+)] For each $A \in \cm$, the mapping + \[ + F \to K \quad \phi \mapsto \int_X \dpn{f(x), \phi}{\lambda} d\mu + \] + + is a $\sigma(F, E)$-continuous linear functional on $F$. + \end{enumerate} + + In which case, for each $A \in \cm$, $\int_A^* f d\mu$ is the \textbf{Pettis $\lambda$-integral} of $f$ over $A$. +\end{definition} + +It is at this point that I start to understand why the bidual setup is useful: existence. + + + diff --git a/src/measure/weak-integral/index.tex b/src/measure/weak-integral/index.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..184efbc --- /dev/null +++ b/src/measure/weak-integral/index.tex @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +\chapter{Weak Integrals*} +\label{chap:weak-integral} + +\input{./definition.tex} +