diff --git a/src/dg/complex/zero.tex b/src/dg/complex/zero.tex index f3540e5..228ae7a 100644 --- a/src/dg/complex/zero.tex +++ b/src/dg/complex/zero.tex @@ -96,6 +96,35 @@ \end{proof} + +\begin{lemma} +\label{lemma:maximum-modulus-strip} + Let $S = \bracs{z \in \complex| \text{Re}(z) \in (0, 1)}$, $E$ be a Banach space over $\complex$, and $f \in H(S; E) \cap BC(\ol S; E)$, then + \[ + \norm{f}_{u} = \sup_{z \in \partial S}\norm{f(z)}_E + \] +\end{lemma} +\begin{proof} + Let $\eps > 0$ and $\phi_\eps(z) = e^{\eps(z^2 - 1)}$, then $\phi f \in H(S; E) \cap BC(\ol S; E)$. + + For each $R > 0$, let $S_R = \bracs{z \in \complex| \text{Re}(z) \in (0, 1), |\text{Im}(z)| < R}$, then by the \hyperref[Maximum Modulus Theorem]{theorem:maximum-modulus-theorem}, + \[ + \norm{\phi_\eps f}_u = \lim_{R \to \infty} \sup_{z \in \partial S_R}\norm{\phi_\eps f(z)}_E + \] + + However, since $\phi_\eps f(z) \to 0$ as $|\text{Im}(z)| \to \infty$, + \[ + \norm{\phi_\eps f}_u = \lim_{R \to \infty} \sup_{z \in \partial S_R}\norm{\phi_\eps f(z)}_E = \sup_{z \in \partial S}\norm{\phi_\eps f(z)}_E + \] + + Therefore + \[ + \norm{f}_u = \sup_{\eps > 0} \norm{\phi_\eps f}_u = \sup_{\eps > 0} \sup_{z \in \partial S}\norm{\phi_\eps f(z)}_E = \sup_{z \in \partial S}\norm{f(z)}_E + + \] +\end{proof} + + \begin{lemma}[Hadamard's Three Lines Lemma] \label{lemma:three-lines} Let $S = \bracs{z \in \complex| \text{Re}(z) \in [0, 1]}$, $E$ be a Banach space over $\complex$, and $f \in H(S; E) \cap BC(\ol{S}; E)$. For each $s \in [0, 1]$, let @@ -121,7 +150,7 @@ h: \ol S \to E \quad z \mapsto \frac{f(z)}{g(z)} \] - then $h \in H(S; E) \cap BC(\ol S; E)$ with $\norm{h(z)}_E \le 1$ for all $z \in \partial S$. By the \hyperref[Maximum Modulus Theorem]{theorem:maximum-modulus-theorem}, $\norm{h(z)}_E \le 1$ for all $z \in S$. Thus for every $z \in S$, + then $h \in H(S; E) \cap BC(\ol S; E)$ with $\norm{h(z)}_E \le 1$ for all $z \in \partial S$. By the \hyperref[Maximum Modulus Theorem]{lemma:maximum-modulus-strip}, $\norm{h(z)}_E \le 1$ for all $z \in S$. Thus for every $z \in S$, \[ f(z) \le M(0)^{\text{Re}(z)} M(1)^{1-\text{Re}(z)} \] diff --git a/src/fa/interpolation/complex.tex b/src/fa/interpolation/complex.tex index f908223..048a399 100644 --- a/src/fa/interpolation/complex.tex +++ b/src/fa/interpolation/complex.tex @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Let $S = \bracs{z \in \complex| \text{Re}(z) \in (0, 1)}$ and $(E_0, E_1)$ be a compatible couple of Banach spaces over $\complex$, then the \textbf{Calderón space} $\cf(E_0, E_1)$ is the Banach space of functions $f: \ol S \to E_0 + E_1$ such that: \begin{enumerate} \item $f$ is holomorphic on $S$. - \item $f$ is continuous on $\ol S$. + \item $f$ is bounded and continuous on $\ol S$. \item For each $t \in \real$, $f(it) \in E_0$, and $\lim_{|t| \to \infty}\norm{f(it)}_{E_0} = 0$. \item For each $t \in \real$, $f(1 + it) \in E_1$, and $\lim_{|t| \to \infty}\norm{f(1 + it)}_{E_1} = 0$. \end{enumerate} @@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ \] \end{definition} \begin{proof} - By the \hyperref[Maximum Modulus Theorem]{theorem:maximum-modulus-theorem} applied to $f$ as a function in $H(S; E_0 + E_1)$, $\norm{\cdot}_{\cf(E_0, E_1)}$ is a norm. + By the \hyperref[Maximum Modulus Theorem]{lemma:maximum-modulus-strip} applied to $f$ as a function in $H(S; E_0 + E_1)$, $\norm{\cdot}_{\cf(E_0, E_1)}$ is a norm. - By the \hyperref[Maximum Modulus Theorem]{theorem:maximum-modulus-theorem}, \autoref{proposition:holomorphic-complete}, and \autoref{proposition:uniform-limit-continuous}, $\cf(E_0, E_1)$ is complete. + By the \hyperref[Maximum Modulus Theorem]{lemma:maximum-modulus-strip}, \autoref{proposition:holomorphic-complete}, and \autoref{proposition:uniform-limit-continuous}, $\cf(E_0, E_1)$ is complete. \end{proof} \begin{definition}[The Complex Interpolation Method] @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ As the above holds for all $\delta > 0$, $E_0 \cap E_1$ is continuously embedded in $[E_0, E_1]_\theta$. - Let $x \in [E_0, E_1]_\theta$ and $f \in \cf(E_0, E_1)$ with $f(\theta) = x$, then by the \hyperref[Maximum Modulus Theorem]{theorem:maximum-modulus-theorem}, + Let $x \in [E_0, E_1]_\theta$ and $f \in \cf(E_0, E_1)$ with $f(\theta) = x$, then by the \hyperref[Maximum Modulus Theorem]{lemma:maximum-modulus-strip}, \begin{align*} \norm{x}_{E_0 + E_1} &= \norm{f(\theta)}_{E_0 + E_1} \\ &\le \max\braks{\sup_{t \in \real}\norm{f(it)}_{E_0 + E_1}, \sup_{t \in \real}\norm{f(1 + it)}_{E_0 + E_1}} \\