Added characterisation of positive linear functionals.

src/op/banach/spectrum.tex

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
 
 \begin{proposition}
 \label{proposition:commutative-spectrum-gymnastics}
-    Let $A$ be a commutative unital Banach algebra and $x, y \in A$ with $x = y$, then
+    Let $A$ be a commutative unital Banach algebra and $x, y \in A$ with $xy = yx$, then
     \begin{enumerate}
         \item $\sigma_A(x + y) \subset \sigma_A(x) + \sigma_A(y)$.
         \item $\sigma_A(xy) \subset \sigma_A(x)\sigma_A(y)$.
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
     (2): Let $\lambda \in \partial \sigma_B(x)$, then there exists $\seq{\lambda_n} \subset \complex \setminus \sigma_B(x)$ such that $\lambda_n - x \in G(B)$ for all $n \in \natp$, and $\lambda_n \to \lambda$ as $n \to \infty$. By \autoref{corollary:invertible-boundary-explode}, $\norm{(\lambda_n - x)^{-1}}_A \to \infty$ as $n \to \infty$. If $\lambda - x \in G(A)$, then $(\lambda_n - x)^{-1} \to (\lambda - x)^{-1}$ as $n \to \infty$. Thus $\norm{(\lambda - x)^{-1}}_A = \infty$, which is impossible. Therefore $\lambda - x \not\in G(A)$, and $\lambda \in \sigma_A(x)$. 
 \end{proof}
 
-\begin{theorem}["Runge's Theorem"]
+\begin{theorem}[Runge]
 \label{theorem:spectrum-subalgebra-sufficiency}
     Let $A$ be a unital Banach algebra, $x \in A$, $P \subset \complex \setminus \sigma_A(x)$ such that $P$ intersects every bounded component of $\complex \setminus \sigma_A(x)$, and $B \subset A$ be a closed algebra containing $1$, $x$, and $\bracsn{(\lambda - x)^{-1}|\lambda \in P}$, then $\sigma_A(x) = \sigma_B(x)$. 
 \end{theorem}