Progress over the past week.

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Bokuan Li
2026-01-05 20:10:39 -05:00
parent e8d394a2ac
commit abbed78434
33 changed files with 878 additions and 25 deletions

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\label{definition:baire}
Let $X$ be a topological space, then the following are equivalent:
\begin{enumerate}
\item For any $\seq{A_n}$ nowhere dense, $\bigcup_{n \in \nat}A_n \subsetneq X$.
\item For any $\seq{A_n}$ closed with empty interior, $\bigcup_{n \in \nat}A_n \subsetneq X$.
\item For any $\seq{A_n}$ closed with $\bigcup_{n \in \nat}A_n = X$, there exists $N \in \nat$ such that $\bigcup_{n \le N}A_n$ has non-empty interior.
\item For any $\seq{U_n}$ open and dense, $\bigcap_{n \in \nat}U_n$ is dense.
\item For any $\seq{A_n}$ nowhere dense, $\bigcup_{n \in \nat^+}A_n \subsetneq X$.
\item For any $\seq{A_n}$ closed with empty interior, $\bigcup_{n \in \nat^+}A_n \subsetneq X$.
\item For any $\seq{A_n}$ closed with $\bigcup_{n \in \nat^+}A_n = X$, there exists $N \in \nat^+$ such that $\bigcup_{n \le N}A_n$ has non-empty interior.
\item For any $\seq{U_n}$ open and dense, $\bigcap_{n \in \nat^+}U_n$ is dense.
\end{enumerate}
If the above holds, then $X$ is a \textbf{Baire space}.
\end{definition}

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Conversely, if $\cb \subset 2^X$ is a family such that:
\begin{enumerate}
\item[(TB1)] For every $x \in X$, there exists $U \in \cb$ such that $x \in U$.
\item[(TB2)] For every $x \in X$ and $U, V \in \cb$ such that $x \in U \cap$, there exists $W \in \cb$ such that $x \in W \subset U \cap V$.
\item[(TB2)] For every $x \in X$ and $U, V \in \cb$ such that $x \in U \cap V$, there exists $W \in \cb$ such that $x \in W \subset U \cap V$.
\end{enumerate}
then $\topo(\cb)$ is a topology on $X$, and $\cb$ is a base for $\topo(\cb)$.
\end{definition}

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\begin{lemma}
\label{lemma:uniform-first-countable}
Let $X$ be a uniform space with a countable fundamental system of entourages, then there exists a countable fundamental system of symmetric entourages $\fB = \bracs{U_{1/2^n}|n \in \nat^+}$ such that $U_{1/2^{n+1}} \circ U_{1/2^{n+1}} \subset U_{1/2^n}$ for all $n \in \nat$.
Let $X$ be a uniform space with a countable fundamental system of entourages, then there exists a countable fundamental system of symmetric entourages $\fB = \bracs{U_{1/2^n}|n \in \nat^+}$ such that $U_{1/2^{n+1}} \circ U_{1/2^{n+1}} \subset U_{1/2^n}$ for all $n \in \nat^+$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Let $\seq{V}$ be a countable fundamental system of entourages. By \ref{lemma:symmetricfundamentalentourage}, there exists a symmetric entourage $U_{1/2} \subset V_1$. Suppose inductively that $U_{1/2^n}$ has been constructed, then by (U2) and \ref{lemma:symmetricfundamentalentourage}, there exists a symmetric entourage $U_{1/2^{n+1}} \subset U_{1/2^n} \cap V$. Thus $\fB = \bracs{U_{1/2^n}|n \in \nat^+}$ is the desired family.