This commit is contained in:
Bokuan Li
2026-03-06 14:06:15 -05:00
parent 173727665b
commit 5034bc4220
109 changed files with 1184 additions and 410 deletions

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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
\chapter{Normed Spaces}
\label{chap:normed-spaces}
\input{./src/fa/norm/normed.tex}
\input{./src/fa/norm/linear.tex}
\input{./src/fa/norm/multilinear.tex}
\input{./normed.tex}
\input{./linear.tex}
\input{./multilinear.tex}

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@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
\[
\norm{\cdot}_{L(E; F)}: L(E; F) \to [0, \infty) \quad T \mapsto \sup_{\substack{x \in E \\ \norm{x}_E = 1}}Tx
\]
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
By \ref{proposition:lc-spaces-linear-map}.
By \autoref{proposition:lc-spaces-linear-map}.
\end{proof}

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@@ -16,5 +16,6 @@
\[
\sup_{y \in B_F(0, 1)}\norm{T_yx}_G = \sup_{y \in B_F(0, 1)}\norm{T(x, y)}_G < \infty
\]
by continuity of $y \mapsto T(x, y)$. By the Uniform Boundedness Principle (\ref{theorem:uniform-boundedness}), $M = \sup_{y \in B_F(0, 1)}\norm{T_y}_{L(E; G)} < \infty$. Thus for any $x \in E$ and $y \in F$, $\norm{T(x, y)}_G \le M\norm{x}_E\norm{y}_F$.
by continuity of $y \mapsto T(x, y)$. By the \hyperref[Uniform Boundedness Principle]{theorem:uniform-boundedness}, $M = \sup_{y \in B_F(0, 1)}\norm{T_y}_{L(E; G)} < \infty$. Thus for any $x \in E$ and $y \in F$, $\norm{T(x, y)}_G \le M\norm{x}_E\norm{y}_F$.
\end{proof}

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@@ -21,12 +21,13 @@
\end{enumerate}
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
(1) $\Rightarrow$ (2): Using \ref{proposition:tvs-good-neighbourhood-base}, assume without loss of generality that $U$ is also circled. Let $V \in \cn^o(0)$, then there exists $\lambda \in K$ such that $\lambda V \supset U$ and $\abs{\lambda}^{-1}U \subset V$.
(1) $\Rightarrow$ (2): Using \autoref{proposition:tvs-good-neighbourhood-base}, assume without loss of generality that $U$ is also circled. Let $V \in \cn^o(0)$, then there exists $\lambda \in K$ such that $\lambda V \supset U$ and $\abs{\lambda}^{-1}U \subset V$.
Let $\norm{\cdot}_E: E \to [0, \infty)$ be the gauge (\ref{definition:gauge}) of $U$. For each $r > 0$, let $B_E(0, r) = \bracs{x \in E|\norm{x}_E < r}$, then
Let $\norm{\cdot}_E: E \to [0, \infty)$ be the \hyperref[gauge]{definition:gauge} of $U$. For each $r > 0$, let $B_E(0, r) = \bracs{x \in E|\norm{x}_E < r}$, then
\[
\bracs{\lambda U|\lambda > 0} = \bracs{B_E(0, r)|r > 0}
\]
is a fundamental system of neighbourhoods at $0$ for $E$. Therefore $\norm{\cdot}_E$ induces the topology on $E$.
\end{proof}
@@ -51,14 +52,17 @@
\[
\norm{y_n}_F \le \gamma^{n - 1}\norm{y_1}_F = \gamma^{n - 1}\norm{y}_F
\]
Since $\norm{x_n}_E \le C\norm{y_n}_F$,
\[
\sum_{k \in \natp}\norm{x_k}_E \le C\norm{y}_F\sum_{k \in \nat_0}\gamma^k = \frac{C\norm{y}_F}{1 - \gamma}
\]
In addition,
\[
\norm{y - \sum_{k = 1}^n Tx_k}_F = \norm{y_{n+1}}_F \le \gamma^n \norm{y}_F
\]
so $\sum_{n = 1}^\infty Tx_n = y$.
\end{proof}
@@ -72,11 +76,12 @@
then $\sup_{T \in \mathcal{T}}\norm{T}_{L(E; F)} < \infty$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
For each $n \in \natp$, let $A_n = \bracs{x \in X|\norm{Tx}_F \le n \forall T \in \mathcal{T}}$, then each $A_n$ is closed with $\bigcup_{n \in \natp}A_n = E$. By the Baire Category Theorem (\ref{theorem:baire}), there exists $n \in \natp$ and $U \subset E$ open such that $\sup_{x \in U}\sup_{T \in \mathcal{T}}\norm{Tx}_{F} < \infty$.
For each $n \in \natp$, let $A_n = \bracs{x \in X|\norm{Tx}_F \le n \forall T \in \mathcal{T}}$, then each $A_n$ is closed with $\bigcup_{n \in \natp}A_n = E$. By the \hyperref[Baire Category Theorem]{theorem:baire}, there exists $n \in \natp$ and $U \subset E$ open such that $\sup_{x \in U}\sup_{T \in \mathcal{T}}\norm{Tx}_{F} < \infty$.
Let $x \in U$ and $r > 0$ such that $\overline{B(x, r)} \subset U$, then for any $y \in E$ with $\norm{y}_E \le r$ and $T \in \mathcal{T}$,
\[
\norm{Ty} = \norm{Ty + Tx - Tx}_E = \normn{T\underbrace{(x + y)}_{\in U}}_E + \norm{Tx}_E \le 2n
\]
so $\sup_{T \in \mathcal{T}}\norm{T}_{L(E; F)} \le 2n/r$.
\end{proof}