Me when I forget to commit.

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Bokuan Li
2026-01-17 23:11:19 -05:00
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\begin{definition}[Bounded]
\label{definition:bounded}
Let $E$ be a TVS over $K \in \RC$ and $B \subset E$, then $B$ is \textbf{bounded} if for every $U \in \cn(0)$, there exists $\lambda \in K$ such that $\lambda U \supset B$.
Let $E$ be a TVS over $K \in \RC$ and $B \subset E$, then $B$ is \textbf{bounded} if for every $U \in \cn(0)$, there exists $\lambda \in K$ such that $\lambda U \supset B$. The collection $B(E)$ is the set of all bounded sets of $E$.
\end{definition}
\begin{proposition}[{{\cite[1.5.1]{SchaeferWolff}}}]
\label{proposition:bounded-operations}
Let $E$ be a TVS over $K \in \RC$ and $A, B \subset E$ be bounded, then the following sets are bounded:
Let $E$ be a TVS over $K \in \RC$ and $A, B \in B(E)$, then the following sets are bounded:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Any $C \subset B$.
\item The closure $\ol{B}$.

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\section{Spaces of Vector-Valued Maps}
\section{Vector-Valued Function Spaces}
\label{section:spaces-linear-map}
\begin{proposition}[{{\cite[3.3.1]{SchaeferWolff}}}]
@@ -37,6 +37,65 @@
for all $x \in S$.
\end{proof}
\begin{definition}[Space of Bounded Linear Maps]
\label{definition:bounded-linear-map-space}
Let $E, F$ be TVSs over $K \in \RC$, $\mathfrak{S} \subset 2^E$ be an upward-directed system, and $k \in \nat$. The space $L_{\mathfrak{S}}^k(E; F)$ is the set of all $k$-linear maps $T: E^k \to F$ with $T(S^k) \in B(F)$ for all $S \in \mathfrak{S}$, equipped with the $\bracsn{S^k| S \in \mathfrak{S}}$-uniform topology.
\end{definition}
\begin{proposition}
\label{proposition:multilinear-identify}
Let $E, F$ be TVSs over $K \in \RC$, $\mathfrak{S} \subset 2^E$ be an upward-directed system that contains all singletons, and $k \in \natp$, then
\begin{enumerate}
\item The map
\[
I: L_{\mathfrak{S}}^k(E; L_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; F)) \to L^{k+1}_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; F)
\]
defined by
\[
(IT)(x_1, \cdots, x_{k+1}) = T(x_1, \cdots, x_k)(x_{k+1})
\]
is an isomorphism.
\item The map
\[
I: \underbrace{L_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; L_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; \cdots)))}_{k \text{ times}} \to L^k_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; F)
\]
defined by
\[
IT(x_1, \cdots, x_k) = T(x_1)\cdots (x_k)
\]
is an isomorphism.
\end{enumerate}
which allows the identification
\[
\underbrace{L_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; L_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; \cdots)))}_{k \text{ times}} = L^k_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; F)
\]
under the map $I$ in (2).
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
(1): To see that $I$ is surjective, let $T \in L_{\mathfrak{S}}^{k+1}(E; F)$ and
\[
I^{-1}T: E \to L_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; F) \quad x \mapsto T(x, \cdot)
\]
Let $(x_1, \cdots, x_k) \in E^k$ and $S \in \mathfrak{S}$. Since $\mathfrak{S}$ is upward-directed and contains all singletons, assume without loss of generality that $\bracsn{x_j}_1^k \subset S$. In which case,
\[
T(x_1, \cdots, x_k, S) \subset T(S^{k+1}) \in B(F)
\]
by assumption. Thus $I^{-1}T(x_1, \cdots, x_k) \in L_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; F)$.
In addition, for any $S_1 \in \mathfrak{S}$ and entourage $E(S_2, U)$ of $L_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; F)$ where $S_2 \in \mathfrak{S}$ and $U$ is an entourage of $F$, there exists $S \in \mathfrak{S}$ with $S \supset S_1 \cup S_2$. Given that $T(S^{k+1}) \in B(F)$, there exists $\lambda > 0$ such that $T(S^{k+1}) \subset \lambda U(0)$. In which case, $I^{-1}T(S^k) \subset \lambda E(S, U)(0)$ and $I^{-1}T(S^k) \in B(L_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; F))$. Thus $I^{-1}T \in L^k_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; L_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; F))$.
It remains to show that $I$ and $I^{-1}$ is continuous. To this end, let $S \in \mathfrak{S}$ and $U$ be an entourage of $F$, then for any $T \in E(S^k, E(S, U))(0)$, $IT \in E(S^{k+1}, U)(0)$, so $I$ is continuous.
On the other hand, let $S_1 \in \mathfrak{S}$ and $E(S_2, U)$ be an entourage of $L_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; F)$ where $S_2 \in \mathfrak{S}$ and $U$ is an entourage of $F$. Let $S \in \mathfrak{S}$ with $S \supset S_1 \cup S_2$, then for any $T \in E(S^{k+1}, U)(0)$, $I^{-1}T \in E(S^{k}, E(S, U))(0)$. Thus $I^{-1}$ is continuous as well.
(2): The case for $k = 2$ is given by (1). If the proposition holds for $k \in \natp$, then
\[
\underbrace{L_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; L_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; \cdots)))}_{k+1 \text{ times}} = L^k_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; L_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; F)) = L^{k+1}_{\mathfrak{S}}(E; F)
\]
Thus (2) holds for all $k \in \natp$.
\end{proof}
\begin{definition}[Strong Operator Topology]
\label{definition:strong-operator-topology}