diff --git a/src/vna/ii1/standard.tex b/src/vna/ii1/standard.tex index 9a1f787..08248f2 100644 --- a/src/vna/ii1/standard.tex +++ b/src/vna/ii1/standard.tex @@ -10,17 +10,17 @@ (\pi, L^2(M, \tau), \xi_\tau) \] - is the \textbf{standard representation} of $(M, \tau$). For each $x \in M$, identify $\wh x = x\xi_\tau \in L^2(M, \tau)$, so that $M = \wh M \subset L^2(M, \tau)$. + is the \textbf{standard representation} of $(M, \tau)$. For each $x \in M$, identify $\wh x = x\xi_\tau \in L^2(M, \tau)$, so that $M = \wh M \subset L^2(M, \tau)$. \end{definition} -\begin{definition}[Canonical Conjuation] +\begin{definition}[Canonical Conjugation] \label{definition:tracial-vna-standard-conjugate} Let $(M, \tau)$ be a tracial von Neumann algebra, then the mapping \[ J: L^2(M, \tau) \to L^2(M, \tau) \quad \wh x \mapsto \wh{x^*} \] - is a conjugate linear isometry on $L^2(M, \tau)$, konwn as the \textbf{canonical conjugation}. + is a conjugate linear isometry on $L^2(M, \tau)$, known as the \textbf{canonical conjugation}. \end{definition} @@ -73,12 +73,12 @@ and \[ - R^0_\xi: \wh M \to L^2(M, \tau) \quad R_0^\xi(\wh y) = L_y(\xi) = y\xi + R^0_\xi: \wh M \to L^2(M, \tau) \quad R_\xi^0(\wh y) = L_y(\xi) = y\xi \] are densely defined, closable operators. - Let $L_\xi$ and $R_\xi$ be their respective closures, then $L_\xi$ and $R_\xi$ are the \textbf{left/right multiplication opeartors by $\xi$}. + Let $L_\xi$ and $R_\xi$ be their respective closures, then $L_\xi$ and $R_\xi$ are the \textbf{left/right multiplication operators by $\xi$}. \end{definition} \begin{proof} Let $\seq{x_n} \subset M$ and $\eta \in L^2(M, \tau)$ with $\limv{n}\wh{x_n} = 0$ and $\limv{n}L_\xi^0(\wh{x_n}) = \eta$, then for each $y \in M$, @@ -87,34 +87,34 @@ &= \limv{n}\dpn{\xi, R_{x_n}^*\wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)} = \limv{n}\dpn{\xi, R_{x_n^*}\wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)} \\ &= \limv{n}\dpn{\xi, \wh {yx_n^*}}{L^2(M, \tau)} \\ |\dpn{\eta, \wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)}| &\le \limv{n}\norm{\xi}_{L^2(M, \tau)} \normn{\wh {yx_n^*}}_{L^2(M, \tau)} \\ - &= \limv{n}\norm{\xi}_{L^2(M, \tau)} \normn{y}_{M} \normn{\wh {x_n^*}}_{L^2(M, \tau)} = 0 + &\le \limv{n}\norm{\xi}_{L^2(M, \tau)} \normn{y}_{M} \normn{\wh {x_n^*}}_{L^2(M, \tau)} = 0 \end{align*} \end{proof} \begin{definition}[Convolvers] \label{definition:vna-standard-convolver} - Let $(M, \tau)$ be a tracial von Neumann algebra and $\xi \in L^2(M, \tau)$, then $\xi$ is a \textbf{left convolver} if $L_\xi$ is bounded, and $\xi$ is a \textbf{right convolver} if $R_\xi$ is bounded. The set of left and right convolvers are denoted $LC(M)$ and $RC(M)$, respectively. + Let $(M, \tau)$ be a tracial von Neumann algebra and $\xi \in L^2(M, \tau)$, then $\xi$ is a \textbf{left convolver} if $L_\xi$ is bounded, and $\xi$ is a \textbf{right convolver} if $R_\xi$ is bounded. The sets of left and right convolvers are denoted $LC(M)$ and $RC(M)$, respectively. \end{definition} \begin{lemma} \label{lemma:vna-convolver-commute} - Let $(M, \tau)$ be a tracial von Neumann algebra, then for each $\xi \in LC(M)$ and $\eta \in RC(M)$, $L_\xi R_\eta = R_\xi L_\eta$. + Let $(M, \tau)$ be a tracial von Neumann algebra, then for each $\xi \in LC(M)$ and $\eta \in RC(M)$, $L_\xi R_\eta = R_\eta L_\xi$. \end{lemma} \begin{proof} First suppose that $\xi, \eta \in M$. In which case, for each $x, y \in M$, \[ - \dpn{L_\xi R_\eta \wh x, \wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)} = \dpn{\wh{\xi x \eta}, \wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)} = \dpn{R_\eta L_\xi \wh x, \wh y}{L^2(m, \tau)} + \dpn{L_\xi R_\eta \wh x, \wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)} = \dpn{\wh{\xi x \eta}, \wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)} = \dpn{R_\eta L_\xi \wh x, \wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)} \] Now suppose that $\xi \in M$, then for each $\eta \in RC(M)$, by the \hyperref[Cauchy-Schwarz inequality]{proposition:cauchy-schwarz}, \begin{align*} |\dpn{L_\xi R_\eta \wh x, \wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)}| &\le \norm{L_\xi}_{B(L^2(M, \tau))} \norm{x}_M \norm{y}_M \cdot \norm{\eta}_{L^2(M, \tau)} \\ - |\dpn{R_\eta L_\xi \wh x, \wh y}{L^2(m, \tau)}| &\le \norm{x}_M \norm{\xi}_M\norm{y}_M \cdot \norm{\eta}_{L^2(M, \tau)} + |\dpn{R_\eta L_\xi \wh x, \wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)}| &\le \norm{x}_M \norm{\xi}_M\norm{y}_M \cdot \norm{\eta}_{L^2(M, \tau)} \end{align*} - so by density of $\wh M$ in $L^2(M, \tau)$, $\dpn{L_\xi R_\eta \wh x, \wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)} = \dpn{R_\eta L_\xi \wh x, \wh y}{L^2(m, \tau)}$ for all $\xi \in M$ and $\eta \in RC(M)$. + so by density of $\wh M$ in $L^2(M, \tau)$, $\dpn{L_\xi R_\eta \wh x, \wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)} = \dpn{R_\eta L_\xi \wh x, \wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)}$ for all $\xi \in M$ and $\eta \in RC(M)$. Finally, suppose that $\xi \in LC(M)$ and $\eta \in RC(M)$, then for each $z \in M$, \begin{align*} @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ |\dpn{R_\eta L_\xi \wh x, \wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)}| &\le \norm{R_\eta}_{B(L^2(M, \tau))} \norm{x}_M \norm{y}_M \cdot \norm{\xi}_{L^2(M, \tau)} \end{align*} - By density of $\wh M$ in $L^2(M, \tau)$, $\dpn{L_\xi R_\eta \wh x, \wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)} = \dpn{R_\eta L_\xi \wh x, \wh y}{L^2(m, \tau)}$ for all $\xi \in LC(M)$ and $\eta \in RC(M)$. + By density of $\wh M$ in $L^2(M, \tau)$, $\dpn{L_\xi R_\eta \wh x, \wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)} = \dpn{R_\eta L_\xi \wh x, \wh y}{L^2(M, \tau)}$ for all $\xi \in LC(M)$ and $\eta \in RC(M)$. \end{proof} \begin{theorem} @@ -157,6 +157,6 @@ T\wh x = TR_x \wh 1 = R_x T \wh 1 = R_x \xi = \xi x = L_\xi^0 \wh x \] - so $T = L_\xi^0$. By density of $\wh M$ in $L^2(M, \tau)$ and continuity of $T$, the closure of $L_\xi^0$ is $T$. Hence $T = L_\xi^0$. + so $T|_{\wh M} = L_\xi^0$. By density of $\wh M$ in $L^2(M, \tau)$ and continuity of $T$, the closure of $L_\xi^0$ is $T$, hence $T = L_\xi$. \end{proof}