Minor sharpening of statements.
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Bokuan Li
2026-06-28 20:22:35 -04:00
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@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
\begin{lemma}[Existence of Simple Approximations of the Identity] \begin{lemma}[Existence of Simple Approximations of the Identity]
\label{lemma:separable-metric-space-approx-identity} \label{lemma:separable-metric-space-approx-identity}
Let $X$ be a separable and metrisable topological space, $\mathcal{A}: X \to 2^X$ be a Borel measurable \hyperref[admissible approximant function]{definition:admissible-approximant-function}, and $\seq{x_n} \subset X$ be a dense subset with $x_1 \in \bigcap_{x \in X}\mathcal{A}(x)$, then there exists $\seq{I_n} \subset X^X$ such that: Let $X$ be a separable metric space, $\mathcal{A}: X \to 2^X$ be a Borel measurable \hyperref[admissible approximant function]{definition:admissible-approximant-function}, and $\seq{x_n} \subset X$ be a dense subset with $x_1 \in \bigcap_{x \in X}\mathcal{A}(x)$, then there exists $\seq{I_n} \subset X^X$ such that:
\begin{enumerate} \begin{enumerate}
\item $\seq{I_n}$ is an $\mathcal{A}$-admissible \hyperref[approximation of the identity]{definition:approximation-id-measure}. \item $\seq{I_n}$ is an $\mathcal{A}$-admissible \hyperref[approximation of the identity]{definition:approximation-id-measure}.
\item For each $N \in \natp$, $I_N$ is Borel measurable with $I_N(X) \subset \bracsn{x_n|1 \le n \le N}$. \item For each $N \in \natp$, $I_N$ is Borel measurable with $I_N(X) \subset \bracsn{x_n|1 \le n \le N}$.
@@ -49,9 +49,7 @@
C_N(x) = \bracs{1 \le n \le N| x_n \in \mathcal{A}(x)} C_N(x) = \bracs{1 \le n \le N| x_n \in \mathcal{A}(x)}
\] \]
Since $x_1 \in \bigcap_{y \in X}\mathcal{A}(y)$, $1 \in C_N(x)$ and $C_N(x) \ne \emptyset$. Since $x_1 \in \bigcap_{y \in X}\mathcal{A}(y)$, $1 \in C_N(x)$ and $C_N(x) \ne \emptyset$. Now, let
Fix a metric $d: Y \times Y \to [0, \infty)$ and let
\[ \[
k_N(x) = \min\bracs{n \in C_N(x) \bigg | d(x, x_n) = \min_{m \in C_N(x)}d(x, x_m)} k_N(x) = \min\bracs{n \in C_N(x) \bigg | d(x, x_n) = \min_{m \in C_N(x)}d(x, x_m)}
\] \]
@@ -82,7 +80,7 @@
and $\seq{I_N}$ satisfies (AI2). and $\seq{I_N}$ satisfies (AI2).
Finally, for each $x \in X$ and $\eps > 0$, since $x \in \ol{\mathcal{A}(x)^o}$, there exists $N_0 \in \natp$ such that $x_{N_0} \in \mathcal{A}(x)$ and $d(x, x_{N_0}) < \eps$. In which case, for any $N \ge N_0$, $N_0 \in C_N(x)$ and $d(x, I_N(x)) \le d(x, x_{N_0}) < \eps$. Thus $I_N(x) \to x$ as $N \to \infty$, and $\seq{I_N}$ satisfies (AI1). Finally, for each $x \in X$ and $M, N \in \natp$ with $M \le N$, $C_M(x) \subset C_N(x)$, so $d(x, I_M(x)) \ge d(x, I_N(x))$, and $\seq{I_n}$ satisfies (3). In particular, for any $\eps > 0$, since $x \in \ol{\mathcal{A}(x)^o}$, there exists $N_0 \in \natp$ such that $x_{N_0} \in \mathcal{A}(x)$ and $d(x, x_{N_0}) < \eps$. In which case, for any $N \ge N_0$, $N_0 \in C_N(x)$ and $d(x, I_N(x)) \le d(x, x_{N_0}) < \eps$. Thus $I_N(x) \to x$ as $N \to \infty$, and $\seq{I_N}$ satisfies (AI1).
Therefore $\seq{I_N}$ is an approximation of the identity satisfying (1)-(3). Therefore $\seq{I_N}$ is an approximation of the identity satisfying (1)-(3).
\end{proof} \end{proof}
@@ -91,7 +89,7 @@
\begin{corollary} \begin{corollary}
\label{corollary:measurable-simple-separable} \label{corollary:measurable-simple-separable}
Let $(X, \cm)$ be a measurable space, $Y$ be a separable and metrisable topological space, and $\mathcal{A}: Y \to 2^Y$ be a Borel measurable \hyperref[admissible approximant function]{definition:admissible-approximant-function}, then for any $f: X \to Y$, the following are equivalent: Let $(X, \cm)$ be a measurable space, $Y$ be a separable metric space, and $\mathcal{A}: Y \to 2^Y$ be a Borel measurable \hyperref[admissible approximant function]{definition:admissible-approximant-function}, then for any $f: X \to Y$, the following are equivalent:
\begin{enumerate} \begin{enumerate}
\item $f$ is $(\cm, \cb_Y)$-measurable. \item $f$ is $(\cm, \cb_Y)$-measurable.
\item For any dense subset $\seq{y_n} \subset Y$ with $y_1 \in \bigcap_{y \in Y}\mathcal{A}(y)$, there exists a sequence $\seq{f_n}$ of $(\cm, \cb_Y)$-measurable simple functions such that \item For any dense subset $\seq{y_n} \subset Y$ with $y_1 \in \bigcap_{y \in Y}\mathcal{A}(y)$, there exists a sequence $\seq{f_n}$ of $(\cm, \cb_Y)$-measurable simple functions such that
@@ -100,7 +98,7 @@
\[ \[
f_N(x) \in \mathcal{A}(f(x)) \cap \bracsn{y_n|1 \le n \le N} f_N(x) \in \mathcal{A}(f(x)) \cap \bracsn{y_n|1 \le n \le N}
\] \]
\item[(ii)] $f_n \to f$ pointwise as $n \to \infty$. \item[(ii)] $d(f_n, f) \downto 0$ pointwise as $n \to \infty$.
\end{enumerate} \end{enumerate}
\item There exists a sequence $\seq{f_n}$ of $(\cm, \cb_Y)$-measurable simple functions such that $f_n \to f$ pointwise. \item There exists a sequence $\seq{f_n}$ of $(\cm, \cb_Y)$-measurable simple functions such that $f_n \to f$ pointwise.