diff --git a/spec.toml b/spec.toml index 5f3eecd..cdfbb4d 100644 --- a/spec.toml +++ b/spec.toml @@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ searchLimit = 16 maxSearchPages = 48 recentChanges = 10 -tableOfContentsDepth = 2 -tableOfContentsUnfoldDepth = 1 +tableOfContentsDepth = 3 +tableOfContentsUnfoldDepth = 2 tableOfContentsShortDepth = 1 hoverPreview = false diff --git a/src/fa/tvs/complexify.tex b/src/fa/tvs/complexify.tex index b0c455a..877292d 100644 --- a/src/fa/tvs/complexify.tex +++ b/src/fa/tvs/complexify.tex @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ E \ar@{->}[u]^{\iota} \ar@{->}[ru]_{T} & } \] - \item $\complex(E) = \iota(E) \oplus i\iota(E)$ as a vector space over $\real$. Under this decomposition, elements of $\complex(E)$ are written as $x + iy$, where $x, y \in E$. + \item $\complex(E) = \iota(E) \oplus i\iota(E)$ as a vector space over $\real$. For each $z \in \complex(E)$ with $z = x + iy$, $x = \text{Re}(x)$ and $y = \text{Re}(y)$ are the \textbf{real} and \textbf{imaginary parts} of $z$. \end{enumerate} The pair $(\complex(E), \iota)$ is the \textbf{complexification} of $E$, and @@ -54,6 +54,39 @@ (F): By (U) applied to $\iota \circ T$. \end{proof} +\begin{definition}[Complex Conjugation] +\label{definition:complex-conjugation} + Let $E$ be a vector space over $\complex$ and $*: E \to E$ be a $\real$-linear map, then $*$ is a \textbf{complex conjugation} if: + \begin{enumerate} + \item For each $\lambda \in \complex$, $(\lambda x)^* = \ol \lambda x^*$. + \item For each $x \in E$, $x^{**} = x$. + \end{enumerate} + + In which case, $\text{Re}(E) = \bracs{x \in E| x^* = x}$ is the \textbf{real part} of $E$. +\end{definition} + +\begin{proposition} +\label{proposition:complex-conjugation-properties} + Let $E$ be a vector space over $\complex$ and $*: E \to E$ be a complex conjugation, then: + \begin{enumerate} + \item $E = \complex(\text{Re}(E))$. + \item For each $x \in E$, + \[ + \text{Re}(x) = \frac{x + x^*}{2} \quad \text{Im}(x) = \frac{x - x^*}{2i} + \] + \end{enumerate} +\end{proposition} +\begin{proof} + (2): By properties of the complex conjugation, $\text{Re}(x), \text{Im}(x) \in \text{Re}(E)$. + + (1): For any $x, y \in \text{Re}(x)$ with $x = iy$, $x = -iy$ as well by (2) of the complex conjugation, so $x = y = 0$. Thus if $z = x + iy = x' + iy'$, then $x = x'$ and $y = y'$, and the decomposition is unique. + +\end{proof} + + + + + \begin{definition}[Complexification of Topological Vector Space] \label{definition:complexification-tvs} Let $E$ be a TVS over $\real$, then there exists a pair $(\complex(E), \iota)$ such that: